The Binary Opposition Of Master And Servant In Jane Eyre

The binary opposition of master/servant is present throughout the novel. An evident example of rejection of the master/servant theme can be seen in the relationship between John Reed and Jane. Although Jane is an apparent member of John’s foster family, she is often treated of a lower class because of her orphaned status and low wealth. John Reed shows a strong inferiority as he claims himself ‘master’ when he is yet a child of the household. This is best portrayed by a scene in chapter 1 when Jane asks John, â€Å"’What do you want?’†, whereupon John replies, â€Å"’Say, ‘What do you want master Reed?’’† Jane evidently shows a rejection to the claim remarking, â€Å"’Master! How is he my master? Am I a servant?’† (Bronte, 1847). The title of ‘master’†¦show more content†¦John. Throughout the novel, Jane experiences and struggles against different forms of dependence , however, her actions and conduct of provoking society make her stand out from the traditional idea of women’s dependency. Jane’s actions are more so expressed from a male’s expectation of independence rather than a woman, as her behaviour is not accepted in women yet encouraged for men. Therefore, this pride and passion is what causes Jane to transgress the binary oppositions; she leaves the expected role of a dependent woman and challenges the societal normalities. Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to reach independence, as she talks back, leaves people that treat her poorly and only accepts situations which are self beneficial. By turning down the situations that she believes would hold her back Jane moves towards independence. The proposal from her cousin St. John is an example of this. Jane discovers that his marriage would be a disadvantage and would hold her back from her struggle of independence, thus finding that she would be â€Å"chained for life to a man who regards one but as a useful tool† (Bronte, 1847). The different forms of dependence Jane experiences in the novel are gradually overcome and Jane changes from being dependent to independent, therefore challenging her social hierarchy and dominating female societal labels. The binary opposition of rich/poor might traditionally be connected more so to social status than to gender, however, there

Sociological Implications Of The Modern Economy And The...

When describing the sociological implications of the modern economy and the workplace environment there are many subject to think about like: depend on the type of job, professional training, and level of occupational achievement and that person self of esteem and social approval. Today’s jobs and career’s depend on that persons qualifications they have to be qualified to do that particular job. Many jobs strive to reward their employee with bonuses, gift card or paid time off. Some employer try to fix that person self-esteem, by try to make them more successful and giving them more work hours. Spending so much time at work build your sociability with your co-works, it build creditable with your skills, and it give you the income you need to live the way you like. When a person work so many hours at work they build social skills with the people around them. While working some people feel so insecure in their jobs that they have to get multiple jobs just to make sure the y are stable and they have steady income coming in. According to (Hutton, 1995) describes Britain as the 40-30-30 society: 40% of the male population of working age have secure jobs, 30% are not working, and 30% are in insecure jobs. One reason people feel like this is because the job market is so strict that these employer, just want you to do the job and go home. Some employers do not care who you are and what you are about .Their main focus is get to their product out so you can make their money for them.Show MoreRelatedEconomic Growth And Development Of Development6644 Words   |  27 Pagesrestriction of collective bargaining, downsizing and commercialization of state corporations and businesses along the lines of market economy and democratization (Veltmeyer, 2011). These constitute the prescription of the IMF and are still dominant today. 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As these qualifications lead to a privileged lifestyle, top jobs and positions of power, the implication is that all those in high positions within society deserve to be there, and society is just. Similarly, as everyone begins with an equal chance to succeed in education, those who end up with poor qualifications do so through their own fault, andRead MoreEssay about Morton R100 Handouts 1 4209 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿Handout 1: The Sociological Perspective Name: ____________________________________ 1. Watch â€Å"The Undertaking† where this video examines a family who works in the funeral industry as a window into American feelings on death and dying. Then, respond to the following questions: How do funeral rituals describe by the Lynch family show our cultural values about death and dying? 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A large portion of classical authors are viewed as advocates of this philosophy and numerous authors of the modern time either represent this concept (Rogers, Maslow) or use a percentage of the principle thoughts. Radical theory emphasizes the social function of education and defines economic, political and social advancements as its fundamental task. In this

Invention and Innovation

Question: Identify the difference between invention and innovation and how innovation can be successfully implemented to achieve growth in an industry. Answer: Invention and Innovation In the current business environment, innovation is the key to organizations success. With time, the organizations have expanded in different geographical areas. With this expansion, the organizations have got the access to new market places. However, it has also increased the competition. It is important that the organizations should understand their core competency and develop a unique positioning in the market. Innovation is one thing that could help the organizations to develop their core competency (Ortlieb, 2015). The framework of Strategic innovation connects seven perspectives together that drive growth in the organization. This essay is based on the innovative framework of Google Inc. The company, Google Inc. was established in the year 1998 and since then it has expanded in different parts of the world. The success of Google could be attributed to its innovation and unique solutions. Innovation is different that Invention and being innovative does not necessarily means to be inventive. The term, Invention can be defined as the creation of a product or introduction of a process for the first time. Innovation, on the other hand, occurs if someone improves or makes a significant contribution to an existing product, process or service. Both innovation and invention is the core of organizational growth and development. Google Inc. has focuses on both invention and innovation (Wang, 2013). The main product of the Google Inc. is the search engine. However, this product was not an invention. When Google Inc. launched the search engine; there were existing players in the market with the same product. However, Googles search engine was more efficient (Plank, 2013). Therefore, consumers shifted to Google to use the search engine and hence, this was an innovation for the company and not the invention. Generally the addition of features and the ease of use are associated with the innovation of the product. However, to develop the product first time is associated with the invention. For example, the steam engine was an invention in itself. However, a steam engine tied to carts that can carry passengers was not an invention but innovation. In a classical sense it can be said that invention is the beginning point of any activity and innovation follows that activity. The invention of wheel was possibly the greatest achievement of human kind. However, there are number of innovation that make this achievement great. Without the innovation applied on the usage of wheel, the wheel would not be a great invention. Therefore, it is important that the innovation should always be tied up with invention (Mickiewicz, 2013). The major driver of innovation is the pace with which world is changing. The organizations have realized that there are fast changes in the external ecosystem. The mobile phone was an invention. However, this invention has seen a lot of innovation to keep the customers busy. There is a framework for Strategic Innovation. Within this framework, there are seven different branches, which help to produce innovation that is growth driven. Large organizations like Google have realized that this innovation helps a company to reach their goals, and helps to bring new ideas and products to a company (Bosma, 2013). The world is forever changing, so companies need to ensure that they are continually innovative. The first dimension of this framework is a managed innovation processes. It states that the companies should have the process that facilitates innovation. Google Inc. can be termed high on process led innovation. The management of Google realizes the importance of innovation. This is one of the reasons that employees are encouraged to think out of the box. The company has followed an open and flexible process where employees are considered an important part of the strategic decision making. Google Inc. score high on innovation because it has a managed innovation process and the employees of the company are encouraged to improve the process further. The second dimension of this framework is strategic alignment. This dimension states that the key stakeholders of the company should be aware of the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. Google Inc. scores high on this dimension. The management of the company has believed that its employees are the biggest assets. The employe es are important stakeholders of the company. The management has developed a platform where the personal goals and objectives of employees match with the organizational goals and objectives. It has helped to map the personal goals and objectives of employees with strategic goals and objectives. The management encourages the employees to participate in strategic decision making as the organizational growth and development depends on the participation of employees in organizational strategic decision-making process. The third dimension in the framework is, industry foresight. This dimension helps for people within the company to understand what drives change and to identify trends that are new to the business and its business area. Google Inc. operates in Information Technology industry that is driven by change. The product lifecycle of most of the products is very short in this industry. Google is a visionary company that has good industry foresight. The company is able to visualize the coming change in the market and the company is smart to change itself with any change in the market. The focus on innovation and flexible business processes has enabled the company to have a good industry foresight (Sambrook, 2009). The fourth dimension of this framework is, consumer insight. It states that the corporations must understand the needs and wants of the consumers. The liking of the people is never constant. There is a need that organizations should develop and launch the new products when the consum ers are bored from the current market offerings. The focus on consumer insight has helped Google Inc. to launch new products in the market at right time. The management of the company believes that the timing is important. The consumers should not be flooded with the new products and services at their disposal. The success factor is to launch new products ate regular time interval and without getting consumers confused. The fifth dimension of this framework is core technologies and competencies. These are internal and organizational capabilities within the business, which could be extracted and put to good use. Typically, the core competency is the source of positioning or differentiation. it would be correct to say that the innovation is the core competency of Google Inc. With the focus on innovation, Google Inc. has been able to develop a strong product differentiation in the market. The company has been able to spread itself in almost every part of the world and this has been possible only because of innovation as its core competency. The sixth dimension of this framework is organizational readiness. This dimension measures the readiness of the organization for the future changes that can happen within the organization. The changes in the organization could be driven by the internal or the external factors. Google Inc. is one such company that has been able to realize the internal and the externa l drivers of change. The company takes no time to implement new strategies and policies. Google Inc. has a flexible eco system and employees have accepted the quick change management as part of this culture. This is one of the reasons that the management does not hesitate to launch new strategies and polices at Google Inc. The seventh dimension of this framework is disciplined implementation (Santos, 2012). It states that while implementing the new ideas and strategies, its effectiveness will be dependent on how disciple a company has been when going forward with this innovative idea. It is important that the implementation of any new idea or strategy should get the required traction from the senior management of the company. Google Inc. does not score very high on this dimension as there are number of ideas being worked upon in the company. The employees are encouraged to come up with new ideas. However, it is not necessary that the management would listen to the ideas of all the e mployees. If the team feels that the idea has the potential to generate a huge number of user base, then only management would listen to the idea. It would be correct to say that innovation is the major growth driver for Google Inc. The success of the company would not be possible without the focus on innovation. The focus on the seven dimensions of strategic innovation framework has helped the company to attain success in less span of time. There are other companies in the market that are innovative. However, there are very limited companies that would score high on all the seven dimensions of this framework. Apple Inc. is another such company that is driven by innovation (Haynes, 2014). With respect to creativity and innovation, it can be said that both the companies have a lot in common to share. With the focus on innovation, Google Inc. has been able to get the required outcomes. One of the greatest outcomes for Google is an increase in the productivity of employees. With innovation, the company has developed a culture where employee involvement is high. The employees are able to work with high productivity as they consider themselves to be an integral part of the organization. It can be said that innovation has emerged as the core competency of Google Inc. The presence of core competency also enables the organizations to set differentiation in the market (Schreiber, 2015). This differentiation is necessary to target the customers. Therefore, the organizations must focus to develop the core competency. Another positive outcome of innovative ecosystem is the high motivation level of employees. At Google, the employees are motivated and encouraged to think out of the box and come up with new ideas and solutions. The management and the leadership team of the Google do not judge the employees even if their ideas fail. The innovation is the key and it has sparked the motivation among employees. It is important that the organizations should have a core competency that can differentiate them from competitions (Salmelin, 2013). The core competency is unique to organizations. In case, the competency is not present, the organization should focus to acquire the competency. The benchmarking would be a powerful tool to acquire the competency (Force, 2013). With this tool, the organization would do an external scanning to scan other players in the same industry who have the best Information Technology infrastructure. Then the next step would be to develop the specific goals and objectives to attain the core competency. It would include the procurement, training and development, and support and maintenance. The technological capabilities of employees couple with innovation drives the growth at Google Inc. It is expected that the company would continue to grow at a good growth rate. The company may not invent a lot of things. However, the company is committed to bring innovation in th e existing products. It has completely changed the way end-consumers use the technology product. The ease of use and the efficiency are the major outcome of innovation at Google Inc. The company has been able to establish a good brand image in the market. The customers trust the innovative products of the company. It is expected that the company would continue to make the use of seven dimensions of innovation framework to attain the path of continuous framework in its innovative eco system. References Baregheh, A., Rowley, J. Sambrook, S. (2009) Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation,Management Decision, 47 (8), pp.1323-1339. Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., Stephan, U. (2013). Entrepreneurship, social capital, and institutions: Social and commercial entrepreneurship across nations.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,37(3), 479-504. Grissemann, U., Plank, A., Brunner-Sperdin, A. (2013). Enhancing business performance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 347-356. Gu, Q., Wang, G. G., Wang, L. (2013). Social capital and innovation in RD teams: the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes.RD Management,43(2), 89-102. Lepoutre, J., Justo, R., Terjesen, S., Bosma, N. (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study.Small Business Economics,40(3), 693-714. Rudolf, S., Ortlieb, C., Tnnes, C., Schuh, G. (2015). Discovering product innovation potential within existing product architectures.Applied Mechanics Materials,794. Salmelin, B. (2013). The Horizon 2020 framework and Open Innovation Ecosystems.Journal of Innovation Management,1(2), 4-9. Santos, F. M. (2012). A positive theory of social entrepreneurship.Journal of business ethics,111(3), 335-351. Tarzian, A. J., Force, A. C. C. U. T. (2013). Health care ethics consultation: An update on core competencies and emerging standards from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities Core Competencies Update Task Force.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(2), 3-13. Uschi Schreiber, 2015. Megatrends 2015: making sense of a world in motion. Ernst Young. pp. 1- 56 Qian, H. Haynes, K.E. (2014) Beyond innovation: the small business innovation research program as entrepreneurship policy,Journal of Technology Transfer, 39 (4), pp.524-543.

Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper Essay Example

Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper Essay 1. Actinopterygii Bony fishes are the dominant fishes today; they consist of two classes, Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Ray-finned fishes include most modern bony fishes. Lobe-finned fishes contain few living species. They include tetrapods, lung fishes and coelacanths. Sarcopterygii are considered to as ancestors of amphibians and other terrestrial vertebrates. The Actinopterygii, the class of ray-finned fishes, also called spiny rayed fishes, are the dominant class of vertebrates including about 30,000 species. This group is among the largest and the most successful groups of fishes and constitutes nearly 50% of all living vertebrates. Unfortunately, some of the species are becoming extinct faster than they can be discovered in some parts of the world, for example in the Amazon basin. Actinopterygii are extremely diverse and live in various environments, including lakes, desert springs, subterranean caves, ephemeral pools, polar seas and the depths of the ocean. Two main groups of ray-finned fishes: We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chondrosteans (e.g. sturgeons) have heterocercal tails and ganoid scales. Neopterygians – one lineage of early neopterygians led to the modern bony fishes (teleosts). Actinopterygians lost their heavy scales and instead developed spines, which are used as anti-predator devices when a fish cannot use speed to escape. The way the pelvic and pectoral fins are positioned also changed in the process of evolution. Instead of pelvic fins behind the pectoral fins, actinopterygians developed the pelvic fins positioned just below or even a little in front of the pectoral fins; in this position they help in increased maneuverability instead of being used simply as stabilizers, as in predecessors of modern actinopterygians. Symmetrical, homocercal, tail allows increased speed. Fins of Teleosts, for example, are diversified for a variety of functions: camouflage, communication, complex movements, streamlining, etc. Figure 1. Ray-finned fishes (Source: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology) Caudal propulsion, used in cruising and sprint swimming, acceleration, and fast turns, is very important in Actinopterygian swimming morphology, because it helps fishes to escape from enemies and catch food. The fins of Actinopterygians are very efficient: they allow for powerful swimming and give stability and maneuverability. Most probably, the evolutionary success of these species is mainly due to their morphological adaptation. a. Species that are pelagic (where fin is used for swimming only) Pelagic fishes are usually fast-swimming and often migrate over large distances in the sea. Some of the pelagic species include billfish, tunas, dorado and sharks. Actinopterygians’ adaptations for high speed include: Primarily axial locomotion: Anterior to posterior series of contractions of myomeres Muscles on one side contract while those on the other side relax. Minimizing drag / maximizing thrust: Viscous drag: due to friction with water. Favors thicker stouter body to minimize surface area. Small scales or no scales. Less flexible to reduce drag (not anguilliform). Inertial drag: turbulence created by displacement of water; increases with increasing speed. Favors streamlined (teardrop) shape. Force transferred from slender, muscular caudal peduncle. Fast swimmers have caudal fins with high aspect ratio (dorsal-ventral length/anterior-posterior width) to maximize thrust. Below some Actinopterygian pelagic species will be discussed. Albacore Tuna is a large oceanic fish, which can have very high speed. Its pectoral fins, located on each side of the body, are extremely long; deeply-forked tail fin helps create the power required to maintain the albacore tuna’s remarkable speeds. The pectoral fins of the albacore are very long, almost half of the fish’s length. The dorsal spines are 8 to 10 in number, and well forward of the rays of the dorsal fin. The anterior spines are much longer and provide a concave outline to the spiny part of the dorsal fin. Swimming of big-belly seahorse, also called Hippocampus abdominalis, is supported by the quickly oscillating dorsal fin; they steer using the fins on both sides of the body, the pectoral fins. b. Species that are bottom dwelling aquatic (fin/limb used for â€Å"walking† under water) Spotted Handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus) is bottom dwelling fish that can swim, but is usually moves across the bottom of the ocean crawling on a pair of modified pectoral fins. It has highly adapted pectoral fins, which look like hands and allow it to walk on the sea floor. Spotted Handfish uses both the pectoral and ventral fins to scrawl. For swimming through the water, it uses the unpaired or ‘median’ fins – the tail and anal fin. Red-lipped Batfish (Ogcocephalus darwini) does not swim well. This fish use their pectoral fins to â€Å"walk† on the ocean floor. It has a shorter disk margin compared to porrectus but higher modal pectoral fin ray count. Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is the largest flatfish in the world. Flatfish show exceptional and characteristic anatomy that is adapted to their life on the sea floor – they are flattened sideways and usually lie on one side of their body, instead of being flattened from top to bottom like many others of the sea bed. 2. Sarcopterygii Sarcopterygians, the class of lobe-finned fishes, have lobed-paired fins and these fins are connected to the body by one bone. The fins evolved into legs of the amphibians. They also had two dorsal fins with separate bases, unlike the single dorsal fin of actinopterygians. Sarcopterygians have lobe in their fins. Unlike other fish, sarcopterygian fish has a central appendage in their fins with many bones and muscles. Their fins are very flexible and can support their body on land, as in lungfish and tetrapods. The lobe fins of sarcopterygii are fleshy and similar to the limbs of land animals, unlike the fins of Actinopterygii. Sarcopterygii are not represented only by the coelacanth, six species of lungfishes and four species of Protopterus. Lobed-finned fishes include 2 species of coelacanths and 6 species of lungfishes. This group was much more plentiful during the Devonian period. All early sarcopterygians had lungs as well as gills and a heterocercal tail.Later sarcopterygians have a continuous flexible fin around the tail. They have fleshy, paired lobed fins, which allowed to scuttle along the bottom. a. Species that are pelagic (where fin is used for swimming only) Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) have limb-like, lobed pectoral and pelvic fins and a distinctive tail consisting of three separate lobes. They are closest link between fish and the first amphibians. Coelacanths are not like many other existing fishes. They have an extra lobe on the tail, paired lobed fins, and a vertebral column that is not fully developed. Coelacanths have paired fins, which move in a similarly to human arms and legs. b. Species that are bottom dwelling aquatic (fin/limb used for â€Å"walking† under water) Lungfish that exist nowadays have an extended body with fleshy paired pectoral and pelvic fins and a single unpaired caudal fin replacing the dorsal, caudal, and anal fin of most fishes. Lungfishes are the closest living relative of tetrapods. Lungfishes are bottom dwelling predators. The lungfishes developed the first proto-lungs and proto-limbs. The lungfishes adapted to use their stubby fins (proto-limbs) to walk on land and find new water if it is necessary, and use their lungs to breathe air. Lungfish attacks almost everything that moves. c. Terrestrial (fin/limb used for walking on land) Some lobe-finned fish have developed several characteristics, which indicate that they were ancestors of the amphibians. One of these characteristics was presence of skeletal components in the dorsal fins that probably evolved into tetrapod limbs. The early amphibians already possessed feet and limbs for walking. Primitive tetrapods developed from Sarcopterygii. Most probably the earliest tetrapods, for example Acanthostega, lived only in water and were not adjusted to the life on land at all. As some scientists suggest, after a pond or lake where tetrapods lived in dried out, they had to adjust to the new environment and evolved legs and lungs in order to adapt to the terrestrial locomotion. The ray-finned fish have fins supported by slim rays and do not contain muscles. The advanced characteristics that make ray-finned fish very successful evolved during the Triassic. These advanced traits include hydrostatic air bladders, streamlining of body and fins and reduction of scales. Actinopterygii, compared to Sarcopterygii, possess increasing mobility of fins. Overall, all the fish species had to solve the locomotion problem and did it in different ways adjusting to the environment. Bibliography:

Analysis Essay Example

Analysis Essay Example Analysis Essay Analysis Essay This policy points to yet another opportunity for them. Garment quality can be improved if it is overseen as well as purchased locally. This in turn can create a larger profit margin if marketed correctly alongside and expanded online market. Other expansion opportunities include opening Of more stores in Africa as well as an increase in the amount of organic cotton seed to manufacture garments. HM also has a variety of sub-brands under its umbrella including Cheap Monday and and Monk. HM can amass a large portion of space in the market if more companies and brands are encompassed under the brand. Promotion Objectives General Objective What we plan to achieve, by the implementation of our promotional program, is to increase sales. Specific Promotion Objective Our objective is to increase and expand our customer base globally. HM reaches 55 different markets with 3,300 stores worldwide. (HM Worldwide, n. D. ). However, despite the fact that HM expands to 55 different markets, hey have a limited presence online. Currently, HMs online shopping feature is only offered in 13 countries. (Regions, n. D. ). Some of the countries excluded from the list are Canada, Mexico, Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. These are all major contributor to the amount of physical stores worldwide. Despite their large presence physically, they are not being catered to electronically. We believe that if We open up this sales medium to more global markets, our clientele will increase and in turn contribute to increased revenue. Target Audience The audience that we are targeting are online shoppers in the countries that o not currently have an online H store that they can shop at. We are specifically targeting millennial, those consumers aged 18 to 34, remain the key age demographic for online commerce, spending more money online in a given year than any other age group. (Smith, 2014). Promotion Theme The only way online sales in all countries can increase is for all countries to have an online store. Until this is done, H can make up for the loss sales by pushing consumers to shop in store. In order for H to help reach their target market, they can make their central theme for their advertisements H around the world. The idea behind this theme is to help reach out to those who may not be able to shop online but can still buy from a store. The major selling points that will be shown are top selling pieces in different countries. By showing different pieces from each country, it can help consumers realize that is an influential brand in different countries even though they only have online shopping available for a limited number of them. They can use different celebrities from each country so that when consumers think of those celebrities, they are also thinking of H. Selling points for these items will be the low price and will showcase two or three key pieces per advertisement. It is important to only show a limited number of products per advertisement so consumers can remember all pieces as opposed to a few of them. By promoting high selling pieces in countries without online shopping, it can increase spending in Store because consumers know they cannot purchase the items any. Veer else. The positioning for these promotions will be functional. They will increase brand loyalty through buying benefits such as discounts for avid customers or customer reward cards.

Solar Winds and Lightning Strikes

Solar Winds and Lightning Strikes When you go outdoors for play or work, it probably never occurs to you that the lovely yellow Sun that heats and warms our planet is also responsible for a whole raft of other actions that affect us and our planet. Its true - and without the Sun we wouldnt have the beauty of the northern and southern lights, or - as it turns out - some of the lightning strikes that come during thunderstorms. Lightning strikes?   Really? Lets take a look at how that might be a solar effect. The Sun-Earth Connection The Sun is a somewhat active star. It regularly sends out giant outbursts called solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The material from these events rides out from the Sun on the solar wind, which is a constant stream of energetic particles called electrons and protons. When those charged particles get to Earth, some interesting things can happen.   First, they encounter Earths magnetic field, which protects the surface and lower atmosphere from the solar wind by deflecting the energetic particles around the planet. Those particles DO interact with the topmost layers of the atmosphere, often creating northern and southern lights. If the solar storm is strong enough, our technology can be affected - telecommunications, GPS satellites, and electrical grids - can be disrupted or even shut down.   What About the Lightning? When these charged particles   have enough energy to penetrate down into the cloud-forming regions of the Earths atmosphere, they can affect our weather.  Scientists found evidence that some lightning strikes on Earth may well be triggered by energetic particles from the Sun that reach our planet via the solar wind. They measured significant increases in lightning rates across Europe (for example) that occurred for up to 40 days after the arrival of particles carried by high-speed solar winds.   Nobodys quite sure how this works, but scientists are working to understand the interactions. Their data show that electrical properties of the air are somehow changed as the incoming charged particles collide with the atmosphere. Can Solar Activity Help Weather Prediction? If you could predict an increase in lightning strikes by using solar wind streams, that would be a real boon to weather forecasters. Since the solar wind can be tracked by spacecraft, having advance knowledge of solar wind storms would give weather forecasters a significant  chance to warn people about upcoming thunder and lightning storms and their severity. It turns out that astronomers have long known that cosmic rays, which are tiny high-speed particles from across the universe have been thought to play a part in severe weather on Earth. The ongoing studies of charged particles and lightning shows that lower-energy particles created by our own Sun also affect lightning. This is related to a phenomenon called space weather which is defined as geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar activity.   It can affect us here on Earth and in near-Earth space.  This new edition of the Sun-Earth connection, lets astronomers and weather forecasters learn more about both space weather and Earth weather. How Did Scientists Figure This Out? The record lightning strikes over Europe was compared with data from NASAs Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft, which lies between the Sun and the Earth and measures the characteristics of solar winds. It is one of NASAs workhorse space weather and solar activity observatories. After the arrival of the  solar wind at the Earth, the researchers showed there was an average of 422 lightning strikes across the UK in the following 40 days, compared to an average of 321 lightning strikes in the 40 days before the solar winds arrival. They noted that the rate of lightning strikes peaked between 12 and 18 days after the arrival of the solar wind. Long-term studies of the connection between the Suns activity and Earthly thunderstorms should give scientists useful tools not just for understanding the Sun, but also to help predict storms here at home.

Three Laws in One Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Three Laws in One Life - Essay Example Johannes is said to have been a rather sickly child, but was impossibly brilliant and excelled through his schooling, despite constant bullying and teasing by the other pupils. Somewhat of a loner, Johannes considered himself as an outsider, and tended to keep to himself during his childhood years. Kepler was introduced to mathematics and astrology at a young age, and began attending the University of Tbingen in 1587. There he concentrated solely on his studies, proving himself as a superb mathematician. He graduated from there in 1591 and went on pursuing various different studies, until April of 1594, when he was offered the position of teacher of mathematics and astronomy at the Protestant school in Graz, Austria - he immediately accepted. In April 1597, Kepler married Barbara Mller, and together they had three children: Susanna (1602), Friedrich (1604-1611), and Ludwig (1607-1663). It was in that same year in which he married that he published his first significant piece of work, The Cosmographic Mystery, in which he explained his argument on the relative distances of the planets from the Sun in the Copernican System. It was in this work which he defended the Copernican theory that the Sun, rather than the Earth, was at the center of the solar system. Although some had doubts, Kepler's opinions proved to be remarkably accurate. "Kepler was forced to leave his teaching post at Graz due to the Counter Reformation because he was Lutheran and moved to Prague to work with the renowned Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe." ("Kepler Mission," 2005). "Unlike Brahe, Kepler believed firmly in the Copernican system." ("Astronomy 161," n.d.). When Brahe died in 1601, Kepler was appointed as his successor and given the title of 'Imper ial Mathematician', the most esteemed appointment in mathematics in Europe. What are the Most Important Things Johannes Kepler Accomplished in his Lifetime It was at this point in his life when Kepler truly began his list of incredulous accomplishments. Within a span of only several years he published numerous works, including Astronomia Nova ("New Astronomy") in 1609, which contained his first two laws: one that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as one of the foci, and the other, that a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Following an opposite precept to other astronomers, Kepler brought an excitingly new view to things. "Kepler took an openly dynamic approach, introducing the physics into the heavens." ("The Galileo Project," 1995). In 1613 Kepler published a work on chronology and the year of Jesus' birth which demonstrated that in his opinion the Christian calendar was in error by five years, and that Jesus had actually been born in 4 BC - an opinion that is now universally shared. Between 1617 and 1621 Kepler published still more ingenious works, including Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae ("Epitome of Copernican Astronomy"), which was the most instrumental introduction to heliocentric

How does changing the ways in which we connect to others offer us new, Essay - 1

How does changing the ways in which we connect to others offer us new, positive possibilities How does it affect us negatively - Essay Example The development of new technologies has been providing all the more new ways of communication and connection between people. The distances are becoming faster and easier to overcome; contacts are easier to establish; new acquaintances and connections surround us everywhere, 24/7. Nowadays, technologies offer the mankind a thousand options and opportunities – for work, shopping, entertainment and communication. One doesn’t need travel to another part of the country or even the world to see and talk to his/her relatives as it is now possible to call them on the phone, e-mail them or write on Facebook. Keeping in touch with friends is also much easier via social networking technologies, and prompt professional communications are guaranteed as cellphones, faxes and computers are always at your fingertips. In general, technology has been playing a significant role in our lives recently, and its importance continues to increase. Growing popularity of the World Wide Web make u s more and more addicted to the new ways of communication and connecting to people. In fact, our entire social life is now dominated by technological means of communication, which produces a complex and dubious effect on us. However, the contour of things used to be different even a century or two ago: Adam Gopnik states that the key to the changes in our overall lifestyle and social behavior lies in invention of telegrams and trains (Gopnik). Yearning to reduce distances and draw closer together, people have invented technologies that have taken roots in the world’s developed communities so firmly that they might have a devastating effect. So what are those multifaceted impacts the new ways of connection between people have? Talking of the positive effects of globalization and growth of technological means’ of communication role, one should focus foremost on professional and personal relationships that

Abortion Should Be Made Illegal Essay Example for Free

Abortion Should Be Made Illegal Essay Abortion is a huge issue that most Americans have their own opinion of. It is also a touchy subject where there is no right or wrong answer; it is all a matter of personal opinion. Ones opinion could be from believing abortion should be legal, and that a woman should be able to control what happens with their body. Ones opinion could also believe abortion should be illegal, and that if a woman can take the responsibility of having sex then she should be able to have the responsibility of having a child. Going through with an abortion has got to be the most painful, excruciating thing to go through, not only physically, but mentally. Abortion is murder, when you take the life of a being, whether it is in the whom or not, it is still murder. The day a child is conceived is the day it is living. Abortion is serious, and something I disagree with strongly. I have been researching this topic for over three months now, and the information I found is incredible and mind blowing. I have learned a lot from researching this topic and hope to further someone else’s knowledge about this very important issue. Abortion, in more than one way, is wrong, and throughout this report I plan to show my audience why this is what I believe. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Abortion is a huge issue throughout America. It is something people have different opinions about. Some people think abortion should be legal and that a woman should be able to choose what goes on with her body and that it is no one else’s business but her own. Then there are some people who believe abortion should be illegal, like me for example. I believe abortion should be illegal, I think women abuse this action, and don’t realize the consequences until it is too late. As it states in Brian Wilson’s Article Outlawing Abortion, â€Å"Abortion has taken the lives of more than 40 million babies since 1973. That’s 40 million lives taken because women are abusing this horrible issue. I believe we as a country should really try to make enough pro-life groups to show women what could happen, and what mentally happens, and physically. In Brian Wilson’s Article Outlawing Abortion, it states that â€Å"Abortion should be outlawed, but until it is, pro-lifers should work to change the hearts of women seeking an end to their pregnancies. † I agree one hundred percent with this statement, I believe that pro-lifers should take the time and try and change the hearts of women. I believe women should really be educated in the entire subject, women should know what they are going to go through, both physically, and mentally. The physical part of the entire abortion is the process itself. There are a couple different ways a doctor can surgically remove the fetus from a woman. The most popular way to remove a fetus is when the doctor dilates the women’s cervix, while he or she scrapes the uterine lining. Another process is a woman could take certain types of medication to terminate the pregnancy, but that is not as affective as a doctor surgically removing the fetus. So the process itself is painful, and traumatizing, if that is just the physical part of an abortion you can only imagine what the mental part is like. When a woman is thinking about getting an abortion they have to think of everything before they decide to go through with it. The act itself of an abortion really is not that big of a deal, it’s a rather simple procedure that in itself causes little anguish. The big issue that women are concerned about is living with themselves knowing that they ended the development of their unborn child, that as they sit looking back at the procedure there could have been a child sitting next to them. Women that go through with an abortion struggle through the emotional pain that an abortion causes. One of the most faulty arguments against abortions is that is causes serious depression and trauma to the mother. Some women even suffer from post traumatic stress disorder. A lot of women feel regret and sorrow after going through with the procedure, statistics show that women suffer major trauma when going through that. I think there should be doctors in every abortion clinic that does what the Article by Lynn-nore Chittom, and Heather Newton, Pro-Life Activists Need to Push the Anti-Abortion Agenda, do. Doctors in South Dakota were required to inform women seeking abortions that they will be â€Å"terminating the life of a whole, separate, unique, living human being. † Every women should be informed this, maybe it will make them step back and think about their next decision because that one decision could completely change there life forever. Many women after going through with an abortion feel sadness, guilt, anxiety, numbness, and shame. It’s not unusual for post-abortive women to experience all of those feelings plus much more, for example, women go through motional, spiritual, psychological, and physical side-effects for decades after their abortions. Abortion is a deadly and dangerous procedure. In every abortion the life of an innocent, unborn baby is ended, and its mother faces potentially life-long emotional consequences as a result of that decision. Abortion may be legal in the United States, but it is not the preferred choice. With proper education, women seeking abortions can come to understand their decision-making power and be persuaded to make a better choice. Abortion is becoming more and more common between younger girls. Girls need to be educated on this issue before the age gets extremely low. The fact that our country had to make it a law that minors can’t get an abortion without parental consent means girls are getting abortions way too young. This major issue is affecting girls of all ages, it should not be abused as much as it is. Women should be educated on the procedure, and the mental issues that come with the procedure. They say that a sonogram is what makes women change their minds about getting an abortion because the sound of a heart beat shows women there really is something living inside them and that shows them also that you would be terminating something that could one day be their pride and joy. Abortion is a major issue and should be stopped. Abortion should be illegal, I believe abortion should be banned completely. It is murder in one way or another. Someone could get two counts of murder for killing a pregnant woman but women are â€Å"murdering† their baby each and every day. How can someone go into work each and every day just knowing they are going to terminate someone’s unborn child? It has to be stopped and we need more pro-lifers to show women what it does to our bodies and how if affects us. Women don’t realize how traumatizing it really is until it is too late. Women need to be informed, and educated about the procedure and the guilt afterwards. The guilt itself eats women away, knowing they terminated something that could be their happiness one day. The issue of women not being ready for the responsibility, or just not wanting a child to begin with needs to stop. Some women need to take responsibility of their actions, and deal with what they started. Even if the woman is incapable of keeping a kid, they should at least give it up for adoption, if they do not want the responsibility they should also give him/her up for adoption. There are women who are completely unable to have kids and would be more than happy to take in a baby if only women would let their babies have the gift of life. A child is considered alive the minute it is conceived, abortion is usually done during the first trimester, but there have been some cases that it is done later. Abortion is still, and probably always will be a big issue. Women should not be allowed to get an abortion, no matter what. Women need to stop thinking about themselves and put their unborn babies’ life before there own. Everyone should be given the right to live, and no one should be able to hold that much power in their hands. All in all abortion is wrong, and just not something I could ever go through with nor would I ever think about going through with it. Abortion is almost like the easy way out of your mistakes, sometimes people need to own up and take up for their mistakes.

History of the Aztec Empire :: Pre-Columbian History Culture

History of the Aztec Empire The center of the Aztec civilization was the Valley of Mexico, a huge, oval basin about 7,500 feet above sea level. The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians came towards Lake Texcoco. In the swamplands there was only one piece of land to farm on and it was totally surrounded by more marshes. The Aztec families somehow converted these disadvantages to a mighty empire known as the Aztec Empire. People say the empire was partially formed by a deeply believed legend. As the legend went, it said that Aztec people would create an empire in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake, while perched on a cactus, which was growing out of a rock in the swamplands. This is what priests claimed they saw when entering the new land. By the year 1325 their capital city was finished. They called it Tenochtitlan. In the capital city, aqueducts were constructed, bridges were built, and chinapas were made. Chinapas were little islands formed by pilled up mud. On these chinapas Aztecs grew their food. The Aztec Empire included many cities and towns, especially in the Valley of Mexico. The early settlers built log rafts, then covered them with mud and planted seeds to create roots and develop more solid land for building homes in this marshy land. Canals were also cut out through the marsh so that a typical Aztec home had its back to a canal with a canoe tied at the door. In the early 1400s, Tenochtitlan joined with Texcoco and Tlacopan, two other major cities in the Valley of Mexico. Tenochtitlan became the most powerful member of the alliance. Montezuma I ruled from 1440 to 1469 and conquered large areas to the east and to the south. Montezuma's successors expanded the empire until it extended between what is now Guatemala and the Mexican State of San Luis Potosi. Montezuma II became emperor in 1502 when the Aztec Empire was at the height of its power. In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes landed on the East Coast of Mexico and marched inland to Tenochtitlan. The Spaniards were joined by many of the Indians who were conquered and forced to pay high taxes to the emperor. Montezuma did not oppose Cortes because he thought that he was the God Quetzalcoatl. An Aztec legend said that Quetzalcoatl was driven away by another rival god and had sailed across the sea and would return some day. His return was predicted to come in the year Ce Acatl on the Aztec Calendar.

Constitutional Supremacy

C.L.BParliamentary SupremacyParliamentary Supremacy means that parliament is supreme over theConstitution. It is also called legislative supremacy because thelegislature is not a body created by the Constitution neither the powerof the legislature is limited by the Constitution. Legislature exercises anunlimited and supreme power in law making.Such legislative supremacy is possible only where the Constitution isunwritten and flexible.Three essential feature of parliamentary supremacy1.There is no law which parliament cannot change or modify.2.There is no distinction between constitutional law and ordinarylaw.3.There is no body which can declare the law passed by theparliament illegal or inconsistent.Constitutional SupremacyThe Constitutional supremacy means that the Constitution is supremeover the parliament and the parliament can exercise its functions beingonly within the bounds of the Constitution. Constitutional supremacy ispossible only where the constitution is written and rigi d. This constitutional supremacy is also called judiciary supremacy in thescene that the judiciary the highest court of the land is supreme overthe legislatureProfessor Hood Philips says that,â€Å"To say that a Constitution is supreme is todescribe its relation to the legislature’s power to alter the Constitutionis either limited or non-existent.†Actually a constitution with constitutional supremacy not only definesthe power of the legislature, it defines and establishes the principalorgans of the state. It is a source of their authority. It prescribes themanner in which and within their functions are to be exercised. Thethree organ of the  state cannot do anything beyond the constitutionallimitations. If any organ does anything in violation of the constitutionallimitations then court can declare the action and this paramountpower of the court is given by the Constitution it self. The Constitutionhas sanctity over everything in the realm. This position is calledCons titutional Supremacy.Characteristics of Constitutional Supremacy1.The Constitution is written.2.The Constitution must be rigid.3.  There must be, in constitution, either or implied declaration thatthis Constitution shell be the supreme law and any other lawinconsistent with this Constitution shell be void.4.  The parliament is created by the Constitution itself and itexercises its legislative power being within the bounds of theconstitutional limitations.5.There is distinction between constitutional law and ordinary law.

Management Planning at World Com

IntroductionThe company was formed in the US in 1983.   The company became quoted in the stock exchange in 1989.   The company’s growth was mainly by acquisition, in   1999 it acquired MCI to become one of the biggest communication giants in the world.   Bernard Ebbers become the company’s chief executive in 1985.   In 1998, the telecommunication industry in the US was in the decline performance wise Mr. Ebbers was ousted, from the position in 2001.Between 1999 and 2002 world com was involved in a series of fraudulent accounting practices in order for the company to portray profitability whereas the telecommunication industry was performing poorly.   The directors carried out this activities so as to maintain the high share price of the company in which they held many shares.   The internal audit department at world com uncovered   the more than $3.8 billion fraud, and alerted its main external auditors who were KPMG.   Subsequently in July 2002 the co mpany filled for bankruptcy.   However, the company emerged from bankruptcy in 2004 .Planning function at World ComPlanning involves evaluating the impact of present decisions on the future.   The other managerial functions are carried out only after planning function has been carried out.   Planning is relevant to all managerial levels.   Planning involves coming up with the vision mission, objectives and goals.   A vision communicates where the firm should be in 5- 10 years time while the mission is the rationale for business existence objectives on the other hand convert the mission, into achievable tasks.Goals used to further express the objectives.   The goals in order to be acceptable should be SMART that is they should be specific, should be measurable, should be attainable; they should be rewarding and should be timely.   World com has developed tactics which describe how, who, what and when activities will occur to enable the goals to be accomplished.  World com carries out strategic planning.   Strategic planning helps the firm know where it is now, where it wants to be and how it will get there.Impact of Legal l issues on Management PlanningWorld com has been unable to efficiently plan its operations.   This is because   strategic planning process requires a lot of resources.   .   In 2002 the company was involved in a number of accounting scandals.   This made it file for bankruptcy.   The company had to pay more than $750 million, to the authorities to compensate investors.   The legal issues have affected world com since it can no longer attract competent managers, who can effectively and efficiently handle management planning at world com. {Ghallab 2004}In 2004, the company was able to come from bankruptcy but still it could not carry out management planning effectively.   World com had to pay its previous bond holders the value of their bonds, this payments affected the operations of the company.   World com also faced a number of contingent liabilities since it had very many suits pending in court; this meant that the management at world com could not be able to effectively carry out management planningIMPACT OF ETHICS ON MANAGEMENT PLANNINGEthics refer to ethical principles and moral that can suffice in corporate set up.   In world com a number of unethical practices have occurred.   Since companies aim at maximizing shareholders wealth, but at world com major corporate governance lapses have occurred in that, the directors art world com, contracted on improving their persona interests making the shareholders incur major losses.   In world com, directors were not able to follow the prescribed code of corporate governance leading to major losses in the organization, and consequently the management was not able to carry out management planningIMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT WORLD COMCorporate social responsibility refers to the organization looking at the interests of other stakeholders.   It involves the organization, caring   for the community are large.   World com was not a good corporate citizen since it did not look at the affairs of stakeholders like the government, shareholders and the general public.   A company which manages effectively its social responsibility programs enjoys a good corporate image in the eyes of the community.   World com lacks the effective resources to carry out sound social responsibility programs and this affects the management planning process, since, the objective set in the social responsibility department will not be met.   World com had too much power that the directors could control the share prices at the stock exchange.FACTROR S THAT IFLUENCE COMPANY’S STATEGIC TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL AND CONTIGENCY PLANNING1.    The size of the organization:   organizations which are large in size are able to carry out effective strategic planning like world com was able to carry out management plan ning to cover more   7 years.2.   The government policy:   Organizations will have to carry out management planning with the laws of the land in mind.3.      The Resources available:   Companies with a lot of resources like world com are able to carry out effective social responsibility programs.{Erven 2005}{cambell 1990}ReferencesCampbell M{1990}planning universal   process  London praeger greenwoodGhallab m paolo T   {2004}Automated planning  new york elsevier

Alternate sources of Electri. essays

Alternate sources of Electri. essays Alternate Sources of Electricity: Wind Power Wind is created from an unequal heating of the earths atmosphere therefore wind is an indirect form of solar energy. Convection currents, which occur due to the fact that warm air rises and cooler air drops, produces this cycle of air or wind. Some of the suns energy directly heats the air but mostly the heat is transferred form the earth into the atmosphere. Between 1 - 2% of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth is converted into energy in the wind.1. Seasonal variations in the speed and direction of the wind result from the seasonal changes angle of the Earths spin relative to the Sun. Daily variations are caused by the different speeds of heating different surfaces, for example land and oceans heat up at different speeds.2 The force excreted by wind on a propeller or some sort of mechanical instrument is used to create motion. Thus converting mechanical energy into electrical is not a problem. The process is the reverse of an electric motor which uses a magnet to force the shaft to spin. Likewise if the shaft spins it will induce a magnetic field thus providing electricity. There are three basic physical laws governing the amount of energy available from the wind. The first law states that the power generated by the turbine is proportional to the wind speed cubed. For example if the wind speed doubles, the power available increases by a factor of eight; if the wind speed triples then twenty seven times more power is available. Therefore a proposed site must have a very fast wind a lot of the time to generate electricity. It is very expensive to deploy lots of wind turbines if each is only going to produce very little electricity. The second law states that the power available is directly proportional to the swept area of the blades. That is the power is proportional to the square of the blade length. For example, doubling the blade length will in...

How to Ask Questions in Italian

How to Ask Questions in Italian Who is Carlo? Where is the train station? What time is it? Why do Italians talk with their hands? How do you make gnocchi? These are all questions that you’ll likely need to ask when you are in Italy or speaking Italian, and so you’re going to need to understand the basics of how to ask questions. Here Are the Basics Chi? - Who? Whom?Che?/Cosa? - What?Quando? - When?Dove? - Where?Perchà ©? - Why?Come? - How?Qual/Quali? - Which?Quanto/a/i/e? - How much? TIP: In questions beginning with an interrogative word, the subject or the personal pronoun  is usually placed at the end of the sentence. Quando arriva Michele? When does Michael arrive? Let’s take a look at how these vocabulary words are used in real life conversation. Chi Prepositions such as a, di, con, and per always precede the interrogative word â€Å"chi.† In Italian, a question never ends with a preposition. Chi à ¨ lui? - Who is he?Chi parla? - Who is speaking? (on the phone)Chi sono? - Who are they?/Who am I?Con chi hai cenato ieri sera? - With whom did you have dinner last night? Che/Cosa â€Å"Che† and â€Å"cosa† are abbreviated forms of the phrase â€Å"che cosa†. The forms are interchangeable. A che ora? - At what time?Che lavoro fa? - What work do you do? (formal)Cosa ti piace di pià ¹ della cucina toscana? - What’s your favorite Tuscan dish?Cos’à ¨ questo? - What is this? As you can see with the last example, sometimes the conjugation of the verb â€Å"essere†, in this case â€Å"à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ , can combine with the question word â€Å"cosa†. Quando Quando parti per l’Italia? - When do you leave for Italy? (informal)Quand’à ¨ il tuo compleanno? - When is your birthday? (informal)Quando à ¨ arrivata lei?/Lei quando à ¨ arrivata? - When did she arrive? Dove Di dove sei? - Where are you from? (informal)Dove hai lasciato gli occhiali?  - Where did you leave your glasses?Dove si trova una gelateria? - Where does one find an ice cream shop?Dov’à ¨ la stazione dei treni? - Where is the train station? As you can see with the last example, sometimes the conjugation of the verb â€Å"essere†, in this case â€Å"à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ , can combine with the question word â€Å"dove†. Perchà © Perchà © sei in Italia? - Why are you in Italy? (informal)Perchà © studia l’Italiano? - Why are you studying Italian? (formal) Come Come sta? - How are you? (formal)Come si chiama? - What is your name? (formal)Com’à ¨ un giorno perfetto, secondo te? - What is a perfect day according to you? (informal) Qual/Quali As with all adjectives, agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, except for â€Å"che†, which doesn’t change. Qual à ¨ il suo segno zodiacale? - What is your zodiac sign? (formal)Quali sono i tuoi interessi? - What are your interests? (informal) Quanto/a/i/e As with all adjectives, agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, except for â€Å"che†, which doesn’t change. Quant’à ¨? - How much is it?Quanto tempo ci vuole per arrivare a Firenze? - How long does it take to arrive in Florence?Da quanto tempo studia l’italiano? - How long have you been studying Italian? (formal)Quante persone vivono a Roma? - How many people live in Rome?Quanti anni hai? - How old are you? (informal)

Case Study for Chipolte Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For Chipolte - Case Study Example It also thrives by having smaller entities which immensely subsidize on the labor costs. As part of achieving high output, the company adopted solar panels for its peak period operations. This has also ensured high degree of environmental friendliness. The first part of this study involves carrying out a value chain analysis for Chipotle. Value chain analysis is the instrument for assessing the competitive advantage in relation to the market trends. The aim is to help a company achieve the greatest possible significance over its competitors. It also makes the company more appealing to win the people being served, that is, the whole idea is customer-focus (Bischoff 5). And for Chipotle, this is in line with its mission, which is to deliver high quality output at a low cost and a considerable shorter duration of time. The rapid development and substantial revenue of Chipotle saw it attract many investors. Also, with the steady increase of clients preferring the good quality food it offers, it became successful expanding into a big corporation. But the decision to increase the food prices affected its stock significantly. This was coupled with the stiff competition from other restaurants resulting into a 4 percent decline of output. To address this, Chipotle should continue with its gourmet ingredients at relatively lower prices, since its competitors do not offer organic components as it does. This will make it thrive since its marketing strategy is also through promotional events and verbal advertising of which none of its competitors uses. This makes it more outstanding than other businesses because it is able to stay in touch with its clients, thereby can get immediate feedback concerning the quality of services. Chipotle must continue to major on showcasing its value ingredients, i.e. displaying the quality of its products. This is because of the stiff competition and rivalry that exists in the restaurant industry, which

FINANCIAL REPORTING & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Case Study

FINANCIAL REPORTING & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING - Case Study Example From there, they gained a contract from IBM and in 1985, they both partnered in the development of the OS/2 operating system. That same year, her first retail version of Microsoft Windows came out and in 1986 they went public with an initial price of $21 per share, closing the day in $28. Today, Microsoft Corporation stands as the worldwide leader in software, services and varied ideas and solutions that helps not only businesses but broadens and makes knowledge easier. They have as their registered trademarks today, MS-DOS, .NET, office XP, 2007 office system, windows server, and windows versions like, 3.0, 95, 98, 2000, XP and Vista. As of August 2007, the corporation had a total real estate portfolio of 24,166,129square feet (in 565 sites) of which 13,918,070 were leased (in 482 sites) and 10,248,059 were owned (in 83 sites). Microsoft had a higher profit margin in 2003 which witnessed a sharp drop in 2004. This went up again in 2005 but after that period, it has been dropping yearly. However her return on assets which also dropped in 2004 is increasing from 2005 on a yearly basis. But, the increase on Microsoft's return on equity after her drop from 2003/2004 is very great. Her basic earning power too has improved greatly. The receivable turnover of Microsoft has been somewhat reducing which denotes the fact that she gives out more free ride to its customers. This turnover should increase and thus an increase in physical cash. This poor receivable turnover is also realized when we take a proper look into the day's sales outstanding. It's on the increase which is not good for the corporation. Inventory turnover too is dropping which is bad whereas both fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover are slightly increasing. In all, Microsoft is not managing her assets properly and greater care must be placed on this issue. Exhibit A-2: Asset Utilization Ratios Asset Management 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Receivable Turnover 6.19 6.25 5.54 4.75 4.51 DSO 58.92 58.36 65.87 76.79 80.95 Inventory Turnover 50.29 87.49 81.03 29.96 45.36 FA Turnover 1.56 1.69 1.80 2.15 2.22 TFA Turnover 0.40 0.40 0.56 0.64 0.81 Liquidity Any company's liquidity position is determined by comparing assets to liabilities; current liquidity considers current assets and current liabilities only. The Quick Ratio is similar to Current except that it carves out inventories. Microsoft has a very bad liquidity situation when we look on the two tests and this denotes the fact that, they have a weaker position to handle short-term obligations. Exhibit A-3: Liquidity Ratios Liquidity 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Current Ratio 4.22 4.71 2.89 2.18 1.69 Acid Test/ Quick ratio 4.17 4.69 2.86 2.12 1.64 Debt Utilization Having her debt ratio together with her times interest earned going up denotes the fact that this corporation is very risky as the years go by. But, as they carry more debt, they have a better coverage of debt as their EBITDA coverage reduces, thus their interest payments are well

The role of Law Enforcement in the community Assignment

The role of Law Enforcement in the community - Assignment Example 2. The purpose of this paper will be to analyze the role of law enforcement in the community, their effectiveness of the roles over time and the changes one can make when serving a local law enforcement organization. The role of law enforcement in the community is to maintain order and to prevent violation of people’s right (Zachary, 1999). Police is the body that deals directly with the law enforcement; they chase down criminals breaking the law risking their lives for the better of the community. Police react to any reported suspicious or criminal activities. They also prevent domestic violence from happening and this helps to improve the society by making people live in peace. The introduction of emergency numbers like 911 helps to minimize the rate of crimes in the society. Law enforcement agencies have improved the way of living among people in the society by responding first, preventing crimes, and controlling traffic jams. Law enforcement was introduced in many communit ies due to the gap between the poor and the rich. The rich wanted personal protection, property protection and life protection from the increasing population of people it led to the introduction and creation of law enforcement agencies. Justice is offered by law courts by giving the punishment either by fines or imprisonment (Zachary, 1999). 3. Law enforcement in a community gives immune and safe feeling to the people in the society because of the set laws that are not regularly changed. Law enforcement has changed and improved greatly over time due to the improvement and advancement of technology. Invention of computers, cars, and the CCTV cameras has led to effective enforcement of law, police and other agencies can be able to enforce the law over a wide coverage by use of satellites and other technological equipments (Hess, & cho, 2008). Fraud has also been reduced

History of Womens Rights in Britain

History of Womens Rights in Britain British society has undergone many changes in the period before the 1st World War, the industrialization that changes in womens life promoted womens independence and emancipated them from the patriarchy (June Purvis, Jane Humphries, 1995, P86). During that time British society has undergone a radical change in employment levels and composition of social classes. While the men were at the front, the English women participated massively in the war effort in the arms industry the munitionnettes, and the political struggle to conquer the right to vote was conducted by the suffragettes. The year1918 is considered a transitional year in the acquisition of voting rights given to English women. ONeil W.L described the vote as a reward gave to women for their dedicated service during the war. (Their performance on the home front won English women to vote, 1969, p79) However, it appears obvious to ask why the vote in 1918 under the Representation of the People Act gives the right to vote only to women over 30 years and excluded young women who worked in munitions factories. The economic and social role played by women during the First World War has helped give them the right to vote, however, other factors must also be taken into account. We first explore the time period before the 1st World War that led to electoral reforms of 1918 and the years of struggle and activism. Similarly, we show the action undertaken by the suffragettes before and during the war but also the social and economic role of women. Finally, we analyze the consequences of granting the right to vote. The British suffragist did not plead equality of gender, but instead justified their claims by the difference between men and women (M.Pugh 1992, p3). It is judicious to remember what the political rights of English women were especially before 1918. Women have not always been excluded from parliamentary elections. The following years show, however, through the action of the first organizations suffragists, slight changes in the legislation for women: in 1869, the taxpayers and single women won the right to participate in municipal elections (Borough election), the Education Act of 1870, opened the school boards to women (June Purvis, 1995, p280), the Municipal Corporation Act of 1882 allowed them to elect representatives to the Municipal Council. The law on property rights for married women ( Married Women Property Act) (June Purvis, 1995, P283) was also significant in that it represents a clear recognition of legal emancipation, because before a married womans property was owned by her husband (June Purvis, 1995, p76). The Married Womens Property Committee (J. Purvis, 1995, P282) founded in 1865 by Dr. Pankhurst had always believed that before fighting for the right to vote, women should have control of their own money ( married women had no legal existence from their husbands, they had no rights over their property). It was done in 1882. In 1894, the government gives the right to vote to married women. No more reforms came after 1894 in favour of the improving of the women situation. The suffragist movement starts with two majors rivals ideological organisations: The National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and the Womens Social and Political Union (J. Purvis, 1995, P296). In 1861, on 10380558 women in England and Wales, there were 2293752 bachelors and widows (A. Rosen, 1974, p3). Employment opportunities for women of the middle class were also very limited: education except universities comprised 72.5% of women (Lee Holcombe, 1973 P203) but very poorly paid, and domestic work. This difficulty of single women to find a job paying enough incentive to Ladies of Langham Place (J. Purvis, SS Holton, 2000, p59) to begin a series of campaigns from 1850 and was certainly one of the reasons led to the emergence and expansion of the feminist movement. First suffragist organised movement appeared in 1867, when a new electoral law voted by the Liberals, widened the electorate to male workers in cities and nothing to women. The indignation of women increased when the electoral reform of 1884 by Conservative gave the vote to agricultural workers and nothing to women. In 1897, the movement was reorganised and consolidated within National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies, chaired by Millicent Garrett Fawcett (J Purvis, S S Holton, 1995, p285) who claimed the parliamentary franchise for women on the same terms as it is or may be granted to men. The NUWSS directed his efforts by conversion of the public opinion and adopted a neutral attitude with political parties. The main militant and most famous suffragist movement is the Womens Social and Political Union, founded in October 1903 in Manchester by Emmeline Pankhurst in order to promote, through social and political work, interests of workers. Christabel, the eldest daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst noticed how constitutional action of Mrs. Fawcett is unsuccessful decided to participate in a political meeting, harassing MPs. Deed not Words was their permanent motto (J. Purvis, Sandra Stanley, 2000, P111). On October 13, 1905, at a Liberal Party meeting in Manchester, Christabel and Annie Kenney (youngest member of the WSPU) attempted to question Sir Edward Gray on the future intentions of the Liberal government on the issue of womens suffrage, Will the Liberal Government, if returned, give votes to women?(June Purvis, 2000, p112) They received no reply, they were forcibly evicted by policemen, and Christabel committed the technical offense of spitting at a policeman in order to be arrested. They did not pay the fine and were sent to jail for three days (S. Pankhurst, 1931, p189-191). Across the country, the suffragettes began to disrupt meetings and prosecute ministers who appeared in public. Imprisonment multiplied, made of a suffragette as a martyr (J. Purvis, M. Mulvey-Roberts, 2000, P159). In June 1906, Christabel took the head of the party and announced that WSPU will adopt an impartial attitude towards all the other candidates. On October 12, 1907, a constitution written by Teresa Billington was adopted (Andrew Rosen, 1974, p72), is providing the primary objective of obtaining the right to vote, which was used to establish equal rights and opportunities. Six strategies were considered, including the main lines: opposition to all government, Participation in Parliamentary Elections in opposition to the Government candidate and independently of all other candidates, vigorous stirring and education of public opinion. In 1909, began the second phase of militant action, with hunger strikes (J Purvis, 2000, p160) (to obtain the status of political prisoners) and new methods more violent, which the government responded with repression. The demonstrators were brutalized, arrested, and the hunger strikes were controlled by ordering to force suffragettes to feed (J Purvis, 2000, P145). After 1911, however, activism became increasingly violent; methods of WSPU did not generate support from the public opinion and politicians. The suffragists had begun to break windows, cause arson, setting fire to letterboxes, thereby attracting the growing hostility of the population. A significant number of suffragettes left in 1907, the WSPU, and follow direction of Mrs. Charlotte Despard, with the Womens Freedom League, which advocated passive resistance, for example, tax-resistance, to refuse that single women to pay tax (J. Purvis, 1995, P291-292) or to participate in the census. The suffragettes actions have seriously undermined the unity and the strength of the suffrage movement. By transgressing the laws, the suffragettes knew to seek attention to womens demands by refusing to obey the laws made by men only, to discredit the government by revealing its inability to respects laws and to pressure the government in order to have positive answer to their request. The militant activities were attributed to hysteria activist hysteria (J. Purvis, SS Holton, 2000, p159), they went against the goals they set themselves. In1908, was created the Womens National Anti-Suffrage League, headed by Mrs. Humphry Ward, and their objectives where, first to resist the proposal to admit women to the parliamentary Franchise and to parliament and, to maintain the principle of the representation of women on municipal and other bodies concerned with domestic and social affairs of the community (J Purvis, 2000, P208). Even if inequalities still existed, we must recognize that progress has been made since the mid-nineteenth century with the Matrimonial Causes Act (1857) (J. Purvis, 1995, p76), the custody of Children (1873), the property rights for married women (1870 and 1882), the right to vote in municipal elections (1869). We must also remember that the idea of womens suffrage is in the minds of the population. The WW1 and the departure of men to the front emphasized the female workforce, with highlighting condition of work, prejudices, and discriminations at work. The declaration of the war cause important unemployment especially for women. In September 1914, 44% of women workers were unemployed against 27,4 % for men (MN Bonnes Raud, 1992, p357). In January 1915, 2 million of men in a total of 10, 6 million of men joined the army (M Pugh, 1992, p19). In March 1915, the Ministry of Commerce called to any woman wishing to participate in the war effort by working in industry, agriculture or commerce, to register on Register of Women for War Service . First, it was individual initiatives; women replace their husbands in shops, in offices. The women learned to perform in difficult factories, thus ending the reluctance of employers to hire them. Women held positions reserved for men (bus drivers, inspectors, window cleaners) and worked in munitions factories needed for the war. Women worked not only in the army industry but also in administration, and banks. Women had lower wages against men, before 1914, women worked and earned less than the half of men wages. The Treasury Agreement of 1915, did not stop the wage discrimination between men and women. The agreement ensured equal pay for work piece without mentioning hourly wages. In 1906, the female wage in textile was 58,5 % lower then mens wages, the average female wage was 43,7% less than men. (AL Bowley. Wages and Income in UK since 1860 (CUP 1937): MN Bonnes Raud p333). Between July 1914 and July 1918, the number of employed women rose from 4.93 million to 6.19 million, an increase of 1.26 million (M Pugh, 1992, p20). The war enabled women to access a greater number of jobs, sometimes better paid and more rewarding. The office work was more successful than agriculture for which we recruited many women (note 30 P66) but the conditions were not only harsh but also very similar to domestic service (M Pugh, 1992, P23). In October 1918, the Parliamentary gives to the right to vote for English women over the age 30. Women over 21 years waited until 1928 to get the right to vote equal to men. Laws counted many injustices in 1918 and to causes to defend were still numerous in divorce, succession, inheritance, right to vote, laws on nationality, child custody, employment opportunities and wages. Regarding wages, in 1970, the parliament voted a law on equal pay Equal Pay Act. Ten years after 1918, were characterized by numerous laws that change the legal and the personal status of the English women. Married women and mothers obtained to be treated with more justice and humanity. The Property law of 1922, Law and property Act recognized the equality of husband and wife, father and mother, son and daughter when a parent or a child died. Three laws dealing with divorce, the custody of children aim to more equality: the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1923 correct the Act of 1857 and made adultery a reason for div orce, The Summary Juridiction Act of 1925 increased the number of reason for women to separate from her the husband, and abolish the obligation for a women to leave her husband before initiating proceedings against him; The Guardianship of Infant Act granted to both spouses equal rights for custody of child in the case of divorce or separation. Regarding the status of single mothers Affiliation Orders Act of 1918, increased alimony to pay by the father for an illegitimate child, The bastardy Act of 1923, The Legitimacy Act of 1926, legitimized the born of the children outside of the marriage in the case of previous marriage, and Illegitimate Children Scotland Act of 1930. In 1926, a law of adoption Adoption of Children Act gave more security to the adopted child and parents that enable to increase the number of adoption. In 1925, the Widows Orphans and Old Age Pensions Act gave more social justice for widows, orphans, old-age people. Finally in 1925, the Criminal Justice Act ended the presumption that married women who committed crimes in the presence of her husband did it under duress of him. Conclusion: The traditional conception of women in Britain was strengthened by the First World War, with improvement in social policy and especially, in getting the right to vote and to be in the workplace. Indeed, if the right to vote should be considered as reward given to women, the first awarded were mothers but no young women who worked in factories because law established a minimum age of 30 years. Failures by the suffragist movement before 1914 show the little interest of politicians in women claims. However, they were able to use propaganda to attract women to work in industries. The pres showed pictures of women wearing trousers fashioning shells, or a post-office worker with a uniform driving trucks post. Once the war ended, in 1920, two thirds of women who had entered the workforce between 1914 and 1918 had left. A year later, the number of working women was slightly higher than in 1914 (A. Marwick, 1977, p 162). In February 1919, the number of workers had declined overall by 12.9% to -44.1% in the metallurgical industry, and -78.6% in the national armaments factories, the positive figures include clothing and food (MN Bonnes Raud, 1992 p447). The work of women proved that it was temporary propaganda supported by the government and the press. Inequalities among women in the workplace existed (type of job, wages), and they were not integrated like men. Women became certainly more aware about their values and men discovered that their wives, mothers, and young women are able to play an important role in the British history. References: A. Marwick, Women at war, 1914-1918, London : Croom Helm (for) the Imperial War Museum, 1977. Andrew Rosen, Rise up, women! : The militant campaign of the Womens Social and Political Union, 1903-1914: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974, P3. E. Sylvia, Pankhurst, The suffragette movement: an intimate account of persons and ideals, London: Longmans, Green, 1931 P189-191. Jane Purvis, Womens History: Britain, 1850-1945. An Introduction. 1995. Jane Purvis and S.S. Holton (eds.) Votes for women, 2000. Lee Holcombe, Victorian ladies at work: middle-class working women in England and Wales, 1850-1914, Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1973. M. PUGH, Women and the Womens Movement in Britain 1914-1959, Basingstoke: Macmillan Education, 1992. MN Bonnes Raud, Les femmes au service de linstitution militaire en Grande-Bretagne pendant la Premià ¨re guerre mondiale (Doctorat, Bordeaux 3, 1992), P357. ONeill, William L, The woman movement: feminism in the United States and England, London: Allen Unwin, 1969, P79.

Thomas Jefferson Essay examples -- Biographies American Presidents Pap

Thomas Jefferson The third president of the United States, a diplomat, statesman, architect, scientist, and philosopher, Thomas Jefferson is one of the most eminent figures in American history. No leader in the period of the American Enlightenment was as articulate, wise, or conscious of the implications and consequences of a free society as Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, a tobacco plantation in Virginia. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a self-made success, and although uneducated he was a very intelligent man. His mother, Jane Randolph was a member of one of the most distinguished families in Virginia . Peter Jefferson died when Thomas was 14 and left him valuable lands and property. Denied a formal education himself, he directed that his son be given complete classical training. He studied with Reverend Mr. Maury, a classical scholar, for two years and in 1760 he attended William and Mary College. After graduating from William and Mary in 1762, Jefferson studied law for five years under George Wythe. In January of 1772, he married Martha Wayles Skelton and established a residence at Monticello. When they moved to Monticello, only a small one room building was completed. Jefferson was thirty when he began his political career. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgess in 1769, where his first action was an unsuccessful bill allowing owners to free their slaves. The impending crisis in British-Colonial relations overshadowed routine affairs of legislature. In 1774, the first of the Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston until Massachusetts paid for the Boston Tea Party of the preceding year. Jefferson and other younger members of the Virgini... ...ound it very interesting that of all the accomplishments that Jefferson listed on his headstone he apparently did not think it important enough to mention that he had been twice elected and served as president of the United States. Bibliography Daugherty, Sonia. Thomas Jefferson: Fighter for Freedom and Human Rights. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1961. Koch, Adrienne, and William Peden. The Life and Selected Writings Of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Random House Publishers, 1993. McLaughlin, Jack. Jefferson and Monticello The Biography Of A Builder. 1st ed. New York: Henry Holt and Company Publishers, 1988. Randall, Willard Sterne. Thomas Jefferson A Life. 1st ed. New York: Henry Holt and Company Publishers, 1993. Smith, Page. Jefferson A Revealing Biography. New York: American Heritage Publishing Company, 1976.

Blizzards vs Hurricanes

1 2 In 1903 W. E. B. DuBois has said that race was to be the most important issue of the 20th century. This paper examines how the ‘race problem' has unfolded in 20th century America, from the immigrations and United States imperialism to the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at what happened to help the issues with race why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination that was based on your race, color, religion and even national origin in employment and public accommodations.Then the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that restored and also protected voting rights. In 1965 the Immigration and Nationality Services Act that opened entry to the United States to the immigrants other than just traditional. These acts I believe helped save the United States and solve some of the race and immigrant issues due to Civil War. At the federal leve l , the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act and the Fair Housing Act were the highest of the political struggle to improve legislation. But long before these milestones, race-specific policy changed rapidly at the state level.It was unfair to the diffusion of anti-discrimination policy that provides the opportunities to be able to study the political economy. Also the effects of the policies before the federal coverage applied a comparatively uniform standard to most places at the same time. In the first two decades were the most intense and some people have said that it was the lowest point for Black Americans since the Civil War ended. The rule of the land was the segregation and separation. This caused issues; African Americans had to ride in separate railroad cars, their own drinking water fountain and most of all the black Americans even had their own court houses and hotels. Can you imagine how the black Americans felt? To make matters seem worse the black Americans even h ad to use their own facilities and were not able to sit in the front bus, only in the back. The whites had much better facilities than the black Americans did. When a black man was accused by a any white person of having an affair with a white woman, a crime or a different kind of charge, they would become lynched. Lynching is known for ‘hanging’ and it became a public event for the white men, women and even the children.The whites would hang the body, torture it and the burn the body. This became such a popular horrifying event, that between 60 to 80 black men were lynched each year from the years of 1905 to 1915. I could not even imagine how the children felt seeing this. From the years 1900-1914, the White Supremacist called KKK known as the Ku Klux Klan, was started by a small group of whites from the south. The KKK were mad at the fact that the African Americans got their freedom and that the war ended but most of all that the south had lost all their slaves. They did not know how to react.Their revenge was to torture and kill the African American’s just because they got freedom and that they are not the south’s slaves anymore . By 1924 there were more than 4 million KKK men in the United States. Griffith To this day the KKK still exists and think the same way they had years ago. There are some people still do believe like the whites did after the Civil War, black Americans have way more freedom now than they ever did. For example black and white’s are now allowed to marry, all can use the same bathrooms, busses and be able to eat in the same restaurants. In my opinion I do not think that all the racial and segregation should have been a problem because we are all the same people just different skin color and some of our beliefs. White people have different beliefs than other white people but they do not hate each other or want to kill them. 5 References http://americanracedescrimination. wordpress. com/2011/01/27/1900-19 14-racism-kkk/ Bowles, Mark. D, American History 1865-Present | End of Isolation http://www. nber. org/reporter/winter06/collins. RACE IN TURN